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Sativa seeds arrive with more vocabulary attached than any other category of cannabis seed, and most of it says a certain thing to a botanist, another to a seed company and something different again to the grower standing in front of the pack. The failed sativa grow nearly always goes back to a word that was understood in the wrong one of those senses: a flowering time taken as a promise, a “sativa-dominant” label taken as a statement of effect, a landrace bought as if it were a modern hybrid. The entries below were put together with the range at https://hazesativaseeds.com to hand as reference, since it runs heavily to the classic end of the spectrum and that is where the vocabulary carry the most weight most; the meanings though apply to any sativa seed from any seller. They are in no special order, because not one of them is usable on its own without the others.
Stretch
The surge of upward growth that comes after the switch to flowering. Most tent-bred plants gain around half their height again; sativas commonly double, and some landrace types go further. The stretch continues two to five weeks and will not be stopped after it has started, only redirected by training.
In practical terms, a stretch multiplier is the number worth read before deciding when to flip. A sativa flipped at sixty centimetres in a standard tent is touching the lamp before week four of flower; one flipped at thirty centimetres has room. People coming over from indica stock nearly always flip far too late the first time, and the consequence is written on the ceiling of the tent.
Latitude (outdoor sativas)
The one number that determines if a sativa can ripen outdoors, and one that no pack prints. Long-flowering lines require the run of shortening days to continue late enough to let the plant ripen; at high latitudes the frost arrives first, and the grower harvests a half-finished plant in late October or loses it rot in November. A further to the equator, in the northern hemisphere, the longer the season stretches, and coastal or low-latitude growers can ripen lines that temperate gardens cannot.
The usable reading for a seed listing: an “outdoor” line finishing month is stated for the breeder’s home latitude, usually somewhere in temperate Europe or the western United States, and every step north of that pushes the date back into the frost. A grower above roughly the fiftieth parallel that is after a long-flowering sativa in the garden is looking for an autoflower or else a greenhouse, and not a better summer.
Landrace versus heirloom
A population of plants adapted over centuries to one region by the local growers and growers together, and not by deliberate breeding. Thai, Colombian, Congolese and Oaxacan stock are the classic sativa cases. A landrace is a spread, not a one plant: inside a pack the flowering times, finishing times and smells range far more than in any tent-bred hybrid, and this spread is the whole value of growing one.
The trap is buying a landrace like a modern hybrid. It brings traits that make sense in an equatorial field, such as a frame no tent can contain and a flowering rhythm set to a equatorial daylength the majority of growers cannot offer. “Heirloom” on a listing generally refers to a landrace that has been grown out away from its origin over some generations, typically with a degree of selection towards tent conditions; it is closer to manageable but nonetheless far from uniform. A seller offering “landrace” without an collection region and a reproduction history is using the word loosely, and the seeds should be priced with that in mind.
Flowering time
The figure of weeks from the start of flowering and maturity, which is the single most frequently misunderstood figure on a sativa pack. For photoperiod seed it is measured from the day the light is cut to twelve hours, rather than from sowing, so a “fourteen-week” sativa grown after an ordinary vegetative period is a five-month plant. Seed companies additionally give the optimistic end of a spread, because the longer end moves fewer seed.
Long-flowering plants run anywhere from ten weeks to well over twenty, and the slowest line in the Haze Sativa Seeds range is at about 16 weeks after the flip. The catalogue can be sorted by that number, which is the reasonable first pass if you have a room on a fixed schedule. A grower who allows four weeks on top of the figure the pack states is rarely disappointed.
Intersex tendency
The production of pollen-bearing flowers on a female plant, usually late in flower and frequently under stress. Every cannabis population carries a degree of tendency to do; long-flowering lines show it more often, for a simple reason: fourteen weeks of flower is sixteen weeks of exposure for a timer leak, a temperature spike or a missed watering that can set it off, and an old plant has already waited past its intended end frequently produces a few desperate male sacs on its own in a final effort to set seed.
Not one of this makes a sativa strain unstable by course; it means the room’s discipline count for a longer stretch. A sealed tents, stable temperatures and harvesting when the plant is ready and not a week later remove the greater part of the problem. A listing that mentions the breeder screens parents for intersex tendency is worth more for a long-flowering line than on anything other category.
Foxtailing (and when it is not a fault)
The tendency of certain flowers to grow new bud growth on top of old ones, producing towered, irregular buds instead of dense ones. In most indica-leaning strains it is a stress symptom, typically caused by light too close or temperatures that is too high, and the advice is to correct the room.
In many sativas, especially Thai and some Haze hybrids, it is built in and is going to occur under a perfect room. A first-time sativa grower often spends weeks hunting a problem that is a problem, dropping lights and heat and delaying a long flower even more. The listing rarely says which kind you should expect; the parentage usually does.
Terpinolene
A aromatic compound present in large amounts in many classic sativa lines and responsible for much of what people describe as a “sativa” aroma: fresh, woody, lemon and slightly floral all at once. It is volatile, lost quickly through fast drying, and terpinolene fades more quickly during storage than the heavier terpenes which lead most tent stock.
To a seed buyer the name earns two things. When a listing lists terpinolene as the leading terpene, the line most likely carries substantial old-sativa genetics whatever the label says. And when the grower are after that profile to survive to the jar, the cure has to be slow and slow; a warm drying room flattens a terpinolene line into something that smells of very little and no trace of what the pack promised.
Sativa-dominant
A marketing category and not a botanical one. It generally means that more of a hybrid’s parents are classed as sativa according to the breeder who wrote the description, which sometimes means nothing more than that the flowers are airier or the aroma sharper than the same breeder’s other lines.
The experience people connect with the word, clear-headed rather than sedating, is driven far more by terpene profile and by THC balance than by ancestry, and plenty of “sativa-dominant” hybrids produce a heavy couch effect and plenty of indica-labelled stock do exactly the opposite. For a grower the label is worth something as a loose guide to growth habit, flowering time and stretch; as a predictor to how it feels it is next to useless unless accompanied by the terpene description.
Haze
Originally a specific family of plants put together in 1970s California from Colombian, Thai and South Indian parents, and then preserved and worked in the Netherlands. The Haze grows tall, fills out sparsely, takes for twelve to to sixteen weeks and carries a scent of incense, pine and a note sharp that no other line exactly reproduces.
In its second sense “Haze” is whatever cross which carries some of that family, and by now is a great many of the sativa-leaning catalogue. A listing which says “Haze” without parents may be eighty percent the classic family or a small fraction of it, and the grow character tracks the share, not the name. The useful question is not “is it a Haze” but “how much, and via which parent”.